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Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

Computed tomography, commonly known as a CT scan, uses X-rays and computers to produce detailed images of the body. The patient must remain as still as possible while the table moves through the large, donut-shaped scanning device. CT scans can be performed on any region of the body for various purposes, such as diagnosis, treatment planning, interventional procedures, or screening. Most CT scans are performed as outpatient procedures.

Uses

• Diagnose disease, trauma, or abnormalities.
• Plan and guide interventional or therapeutic procedures.
• Monitor the effectiveness of therapy (e.g., cancer treatment).

Benefits and Risks

When used appropriately, the benefits of a CT scan far outweigh the risks. CT scans can provide detailed information to diagnose, plan treatment for, and evaluate many conditions in both adults and children. The detailed images may even eliminate the need for exploratory surgery.

Risks include exposure to ionizing radiation and potential reactions to intravenous contrast agents (dyes) that may be used to enhance visualization. While the amount of radiation is low, it is higher than that of standard X-rays due to the greater number of images captured. This exposure may slightly increase a person’s lifetime risk of developing cancer, with pediatric patients being more sensitive due to their longer expected lifespan and higher susceptibility per unit of radiation.

How CT Scans Work

The CT scanner has an X-ray source on one side and detectors on the opposite side. As the machine rotates, it creates cross-sectional “slices” of the body. Modern CT scanners can capture images continuously in a spiral motion, improving speed and accuracy. The scanner is shaped like a large doughnut standing on its side, with the patient lying on a table that moves through the opening. The device may produce buzzing and whirring sounds during the scan, and communication with the technologist — located in a separate room — is possible via intercom.